ACF电极电解处理含NaCl结晶紫染料废水的研究

以吸附结晶紫达到饱和的活性炭纤维为阳极,在NaCl介质中对初始浓度为100 mg/L的结晶紫染料废水进行了电解脱色处理。实验考察了NaCl浓度、pH值和电流密度等对溶液脱色率的影响,测定了电解时溶液中生成的游离氯浓度及不同电解时间后溶液的紫外-可见吸收光谱曲线,并对不同电解时间后溶液的归一化吸光度比值进行了计算。结果发现,溶液中所产生的游离氯的浓度随电解时间的增加快速上升,20 min时就几乎达到了最大值;在活性氯的作用下,结晶紫分子中的大π共轭体系被破坏,溶液迅速脱色;电解液中所含的NaCl浓度、电解液的pH值和电流密度等都对脱色率有影响;在一定实验条件下,初始浓度为100 mg/L的结晶紫染料废水在电解60 min后脱色率可高达99.3%。     

超声-Fenton高级氧化降解染料工业废水的研究

采用超声与Fenton高级氧化技术联合处理染料废水,取得了满意的效果。同时考察了初始浓度、初始pH值、超声时间、超声频率、超声功率、H2O2和FeSO4初始浓度等因素对其COD去除效果的影响,当超声波频率为45 kHz,功率为200 W,初始pH值为2.63,超声时间为150 min,H2O2浓度为60 mmol/L,FeSO4浓度为12 mmol/L时,染料废水COD去除率达到91.8%。     

活性污泥缺氧转化1-2-7-三氨基-8-羟基-3-6-萘二磺酸

1—2-7-三氨基-8-羟基-3—6-萘二磺酸（TAHNDS）作为偶氮染料的脱色产物很难被常规的厌氧-好氧染料废水处理工艺所去除。研究了未经驯化的活性污泥对TAHNDS的缺氧转化效果。结果表明，只有在特定的缺氧条件下（ORP在-50～-150mV之间），TAHNDS才能被活性污泥所降解转化。当浓度在10—80mg／L范围内，TAHNDS可在72h内转化93％以上。加入100mg／L的硝酸盐和0．64mmol／L的氧化还原介体蒽醌-2-磺酸钠（AQS）可将40mg／L的TAHNDS的转化时间从84h缩短到36h。光谱及HPLC—MS分析表明，TAHNDS在缺氧条件下主要是通过脱氨基和脱磺酸作用生成已知可好氧生物降解的3，5-二氨基4-羟基萘-2-磺酸。因此，缺氧处理有望作为预处理工艺促进废水中TAHNDS的完全降解。     

pH敏感性β-环糊精微球的制备及其吸附性能

采用反相微悬浮乳液聚合技术制备了β-环糊精(β-CD)微球,用丁二酸酐对β-CD微球进行化学改性,制备了pH敏感性β-CD(pH-β-CD)微球.通过傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜对微球的结构、粒径和形貌进行了表征.探讨了亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水pH、吸附时间和微球加入量对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明,在亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水pH为10.0、吸附时间为90 min的条件下,当pH-β-CD微球加入量为50 mg时,pH-β-CD微球吸附量为16.1 mg/g;当pH-β-CD微球加入量为250 mg时,pH-β-CD微球对亚甲基蓝的脱色率达96.2%.     

累托石对水中染料碱性桃红的吸附

采用累托石作为水中碱性桃红的吸附剂.考察了振荡时间、pH值、累托石用量、碱性桃红初始浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响.测定了吸附等温线,对吸附动力学规律进行了数学模拟.结果表明,振荡时间、累托石用量、碱性桃红初始浓度等因素对吸附效果有重要影响.对于初始质量浓度为50 mg/L的碱性桃红水溶液,最适宜吸附条件为:振荡时间30 min,累托石用量200 mg/100 mL,pH值为6.累托石对水中碱性桃红的吸附等温线呈"S"型,等温吸附规律可用Freundlich模式较好地描述,吸附动力学规律可用Bangham公式模拟.     

电-生物耦合技术对偶氮染料的去除研究

酸性大红GR是一种较难生物降解的偶氮染料，采用一种电场和生物耦合的新型技术处理酸性大红GR模拟废水，并与单纯电化学法和好氧生物法进行试验对照。结果表明：反应6 h后，电化学法、好氧生物法、电-生物耦合技术对酸性大红GR的去除率分别达到15.7%、25.8%和71.2%，电-生物耦合技术能明显提高酸性大红GR的去除效果，起到强化生物处理的作用。在15 mA微电流条件下电-生物技术能克服50 mg/L酸性大红GR对好氧生物处理的抑制作用，为高浓度难降解染料废水的生物强化处理提供了可能。     

Effect of tracer dyes on initial deposits and persistence of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki toxin after application of two commercial formulations onto spruce trees

Abstract

The effect of two tracer dyes [Erio Acid Red (EAR) and Acid Black 48 (AB‐48)] on initial deposits and persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) toxin (delta‐endotoxin) was studied after spraying two commercial formulations, Foray® 48B and Foray® 76B, over potted white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] seedlings, at a dosage rate of 30 billion international units (BIU) per ha. Spray was applied using a spinning disc atomizer calibrated to deliver droplet sizes similar to those utilized in ultra‐low‐volume (ULV) treatments in operational insect control programs. The sprayed seedlings were left outdoors at the Sault Ste. Marie laboratory for 18 days under natural conditions of sunlight, wind and rainfall. Initial deposits and persistence of delta‐endotoxin protein in spruce foliage were determined by immunoassay [enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)] quantification of the delta‐endotoxin. The total protein (inactive plus active) and delta‐endotoxin (active protein) concentrations in the two formulations were determined by a gravimetric procedure and by ELISA respectively.

The initial deposit levels of the toxin on foliage were not markedly affected by the addition of either of the two tracer dyes, and showed only a narrow range of 1521 to 1625 ng/g foliage (fresh weight) for Foray 48B, and 1789 to 2056 ng/g for Foray 76B. However, the persistence of the toxin was significantly influenced by the presence of the dyes. The toxin persisted in foliage only for 7 d post‐spray When the EAR dye was added to Foray 48B, compared to 10 d when no dye was added. The average half‐life (DT₅₀) of disappearance was 17.4 h for Foray 48B with EAR, and 20.9 h when no dye was present. In contrast, the situation was reversed in Foray 76B, since the duration of persistence was 10 d when EAR was added to Foray 76B, compared to 7 d when no dye was added. The average DT₅₀ was 27.9 h for Foray 76B with EAR, and 22.2 h without the dye. Persistence was the longest (14 d) when the AB‐48 dye was added to Foray 76B, and the DT₅₀ was 44.9 h.     

粉煤灰负载铁离子催化氧化活性黄染料废水

以粉煤灰为载体,制备铁/粉煤灰负载型催化剂,并利用该催化剂催化H2O2氧化降解活性黄染料废水,探讨了H2O2投加量、催化剂投加量、染料初始浓度和初始pH值等因素对染料废水COD去除率和脱色率的影响。结果表明,当染料废水COD初始浓度为200 mg/L,初始pH值为1.7,投加0.5 g/100 mL催化剂及加入1.0 mL浓度为1.13 mol/L的H2O2溶液时,处理效果最好,此时染料废水的COD去除率和脱色率分别达到63%和99%,并且废水的可生化性得到很大的提高。利用该负载催化剂能够有效地减少活性黄染料废水中Fe3+的残留量。     

UASB反应器降解活性染料废水的特性

中温（35±1）℃条件下，采用上流式厌氧污泥床（upflowanaerobicsludgebed，简称UASB）反应器处理了含蒽醌类-活性艳蓝（c．I．ReactiveBlue5，简称K—GR）或偶氮类-活性艳红（C．I．ReactiveRed20，简称KD-8B；C．I．ReactiveRed2，简称X-3B）模拟染料废水，重点研究了回流比对染料脱色率和COD去除率的影响，在最佳回流比的条件下，探讨HRT（hydraulicretentiontime）对脱色的影响和不同结构染料的脱色效果，并初步分析了脱色机理。结果表明，适宜的回流比有利于提高系统的脱色率；控制回流比和HRT分别为2和24h，当模拟废水中染料的浓度为100mg／L时，COD去除率和脱色率分别为90％～96％和85％～92％；蒽醌和偶氮类染料的脱色是通过偶氮键和葸醌共轭结构的断裂来实现的。     

废弃轮胎制备中孔炭吸附材料工艺及性能研究

为了解决废弃轮胎造成的资源浪费和环境污染的问题,对以废弃轮胎橡胶为碳的前驱体原料,制备具有高吸附性能中孔炭材料工艺进行了系统的研究。通过XRD、扫描电镜以及比表面积分析,对制备的中孔炭微观结构和性能进行表征,讨论了炭化温度、碱炭比,以及活化温度和活化时间等工艺条件对制备中孔炭的产率、结构和性能的影响。结果表明,通过改变工艺条件制备的中孔炭的孔径分布可以在2~80 nm范围内进行调控。在500℃炭化温度,碱炭比为4∶1,900℃活化1 h的工艺条件下,制备的中孔炭的比表面积为473 m2/g,对甲基橙的最大吸附量达到254 mg/g。